Categories: Medicina

Icterul: cauze si tratament

&NewLine;<&excl;-- WP QUADS Content Ad Plugin v&period; 2&period;0&period;92 -->&NewLine;<div class&equals;"quads-location quads-ad3954 " id&equals;"quads-ad3954" style&equals;"float&colon;none&semi;text-align&colon;center&semi;padding&colon;0px 0 0px 0&semi;" data-lazydelay&equals;"3000">&NewLine;<div class&equals;"quads-ad-label quads-ad-label-new">Advertisement<&sol;div><&excl;-- responsive 1 -->&NewLine;<script async src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;securepubads&period;g&period;doubleclick&period;net&sol;tag&sol;js&sol;gpt&period;js"><&sol;script>&NewLine;<div id&equals;"ghidulmedicului&period;com&lowbar;responsive&lowbar;1">&NewLine; <script>&NewLine; window&period;googletag &equals; window&period;googletag &vert;&vert; &lbrace; cmd&colon; &lbrack;&rsqb; &rcub;&semi;&NewLine; googletag&period;cmd&period;push&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; &lbrace;&NewLine; var slot &equals; googletag&period;defineSlot&lpar;'&sol;23293390090&sol;ghidulmedicului&period;com&sol;ghidulmedicului&period;com&lowbar;responsive&lowbar;1'&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;300&comma; 250&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;320&comma; 50&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;728&comma; 90&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;468&comma; 60&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;336&comma; 280&rsqb;&comma; 'fluid'&rsqb;&comma; 'ghidulmedicului&period;com&lowbar;responsive&lowbar;1'&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; var mapping1 &equals; googletag&period;sizeMapping&lpar;&rpar;&NewLine; &period;addSize&lpar;&lbrack;980&comma; 0&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;728&comma; 90&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;468&comma; 60&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;336&comma; 280&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;300&comma; 250&rsqb;&comma; 'fluid'&rsqb;&rpar;&NewLine; &period;addSize&lpar;&lbrack;750&comma; 0&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;728&comma; 90&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;468&comma; 60&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;336&comma; 280&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;300&comma; 250&rsqb;&comma; 'fluid'&rsqb;&rpar;&NewLine; &period;addSize&lpar;&lbrack;320&comma; 0&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;336&comma; 280&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;320&comma; 50&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;300&comma; 250&rsqb;&comma; 'fluid'&rsqb;&rpar;&NewLine; &period;build&lpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; slot&period;defineSizeMapping&lpar;mapping1&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; slot&period;addService&lpar;googletag&period;pubads&lpar;&rpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; googletag&period;enableServices&lpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; googletag&period;display&lpar;'ghidulmedicului&period;com&lowbar;responsive&lowbar;1'&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rcub;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; <&sol;script>&NewLine;<&sol;div>&NewLine;<&sol;div>&NewLine;<p>Icterul este o coloratie galbena a pielii&comma; a sclerei si a altor tesuturi&comma; datorita excesului de bilirubina circulanta&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Tegumentele si sclerele se examineaza la lumina naturala&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<&excl;-- WP QUADS Content Ad Plugin v&period; 2&period;0&period;92 -->&NewLine;<div class&equals;"quads-location quads-ad3955 " id&equals;"quads-ad3955" style&equals;"float&colon;none&semi;text-align&colon;center&semi;padding&colon;0px 0 0px 0&semi;" data-lazydelay&equals;"3000">&NewLine;<div class&equals;"quads-ad-label quads-ad-label-new">Advertisement<&sol;div><&excl;-- responsive 2 -->&NewLine;<script async src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;securepubads&period;g&period;doubleclick&period;net&sol;tag&sol;js&sol;gpt&period;js"><&sol;script>&NewLine;<div id&equals;"ghidulmedicului&period;com&lowbar;responsive&lowbar;2">&NewLine; <script>&NewLine; window&period;googletag &equals; window&period;googletag &vert;&vert; &lbrace; cmd&colon; &lbrack;&rsqb; &rcub;&semi;&NewLine; googletag&period;cmd&period;push&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; &lbrace;&NewLine; var slot &equals; googletag&period;defineSlot&lpar;'&sol;23293390090&sol;ghidulmedicului&period;com&sol;ghidulmedicului&period;com&lowbar;responsive&lowbar;2'&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;300&comma; 250&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;320&comma; 50&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;468&comma; 60&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;336&comma; 280&rsqb;&comma; 'fluid'&rsqb;&comma; 'ghidulmedicului&period;com&lowbar;responsive&lowbar;2'&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; var mapping2 &equals; googletag&period;sizeMapping&lpar;&rpar;&NewLine; &period;addSize&lpar;&lbrack;980&comma; 0&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;468&comma; 60&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;336&comma; 280&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;300&comma; 250&rsqb;&comma; 'fluid'&rsqb;&rpar;&NewLine; &period;addSize&lpar;&lbrack;750&comma; 0&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;468&comma; 60&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;336&comma; 280&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;300&comma; 250&rsqb;&comma; 'fluid'&rsqb;&rpar;&NewLine; &period;addSize&lpar;&lbrack;320&comma; 0&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;336&comma; 280&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;320&comma; 50&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;300&comma; 250&rsqb;&comma; 'fluid'&rsqb;&rpar;&NewLine; &period;build&lpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; slot&period;defineSizeMapping&lpar;mapping2&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; slot&period;addService&lpar;googletag&period;pubads&lpar;&rpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; googletag&period;enableServices&lpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; googletag&period;display&lpar;'ghidulmedicului&period;com&lowbar;responsive&lowbar;2'&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rcub;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; <&sol;script>&NewLine;<&sol;div>&NewLine;&NewLine;<&sol;div>&NewLine;&NewLine;<p>Dupa o durata de viata de aproximativ 120 zile&comma; hematiile mor&period; Prin distrugerea membranei celulare&comma; se elibereaza hemoglobina&period; Aceasta se scindeaza in fier si biliverdina&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<&excl;-- WP QUADS Content Ad Plugin v&period; 2&period;0&period;92 -->&NewLine;<div class&equals;"quads-location quads-ad3956 " id&equals;"quads-ad3956" style&equals;"float&colon;none&semi;text-align&colon;center&semi;padding&colon;0px 0 0px 0&semi;" data-lazydelay&equals;"3000">&NewLine;<div class&equals;"quads-ad-label quads-ad-label-new">Advertisement<&sol;div><&excl;-- responsive 3 -->&NewLine;<script async src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;securepubads&period;g&period;doubleclick&period;net&sol;tag&sol;js&sol;gpt&period;js"><&sol;script>&NewLine;<div id&equals;"ghidulmedicului&period;com&lowbar;responsive&lowbar;3">&NewLine; <script>&NewLine; window&period;googletag &equals; window&period;googletag &vert;&vert; &lbrace; cmd&colon; &lbrack;&rsqb; &rcub;&semi;&NewLine; googletag&period;cmd&period;push&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; &lbrace;&NewLine; var slot &equals; googletag&period;defineSlot&lpar;'&sol;23293390090&sol;ghidulmedicului&period;com&sol;ghidulmedicului&period;com&lowbar;responsive&lowbar;3'&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;300&comma; 250&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;320&comma; 50&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;468&comma; 60&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;336&comma; 280&rsqb;&comma; 'fluid'&rsqb;&comma; 'ghidulmedicului&period;com&lowbar;responsive&lowbar;3'&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; var mapping3 &equals; googletag&period;sizeMapping&lpar;&rpar;&NewLine; &period;addSize&lpar;&lbrack;980&comma; 0&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;468&comma; 60&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;336&comma; 280&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;300&comma; 250&rsqb;&comma; 'fluid'&rsqb;&rpar;&NewLine; &period;addSize&lpar;&lbrack;750&comma; 0&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;468&comma; 60&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;336&comma; 280&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;300&comma; 250&rsqb;&comma; 'fluid'&rsqb;&rpar;&NewLine; &period;addSize&lpar;&lbrack;320&comma; 0&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;336&comma; 280&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;320&comma; 50&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;300&comma; 250&rsqb;&comma; 'fluid'&rsqb;&rpar;&NewLine; &period;build&lpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; slot&period;defineSizeMapping&lpar;mapping3&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; slot&period;addService&lpar;googletag&period;pubads&lpar;&rpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; googletag&period;enableServices&lpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; googletag&period;display&lpar;'ghidulmedicului&period;com&lowbar;responsive&lowbar;3'&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rcub;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; <&sol;script>&NewLine;<&sol;div>&NewLine;&NewLine;<&sol;div>&NewLine;&NewLine;<p>Sub actiunea biliverdin-reductazei&comma; biliverdina se transforma in bilirubina neconjugata sau indirecta &lpar;BI&rpar;&period; Aceasta bilirubina&comma; greu solubila la pH fiziologic &lpar;practic insolubila&rpar;&comma; este transportata la ficat prin legarea de albumina&period; In urma proceselor enzimatice&comma; are loc convertirea bilirubinei intr-o forma apoasa&comma; solubila&comma; denumita bilirubina directa sau bilirubina conjugata &lpar;BD&rpar;&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Bilirubina directa poate fi conjugata cu acid glucuronic&comma; glucoza&comma; xyloza sau sulfat&period; Bilirubina conjugata este excretata in canaliculele biliare la polul biliar al hepatocitului&period;<&sol;p><div class&equals;"7d52d962a67f455245a34c2a2d47cf6c" data-index&equals;"10" style&equals;"float&colon; none&semi; margin&colon;10px 0 10px 0&semi; text-align&colon;center&semi;">&NewLine;<script type&equals;"text&sol;javascript" class&equals;"teads" src&equals;"&sol;&sol;a&period;teads&period;tv&sol;page&sol;176833&sol;tag" async&equals;"true"><&sol;script> &NewLine;&NewLine;<&sol;div>&NewLine;&NewLine;<p>In intestin&comma; flora bacteriana deconjuga si reduce bilirubina la compusi de tipul stercobilinogenului&period; Acesti compusi se excreta de regula prin fecale&comma; colorand materiile fecale in brun&comma; culoarea lor caracteristica&semi; cantitati destul de mari sunt reabsorbite si reexcretate in bila&comma; iar o mica parte ajung in urina&comma; sub forma de urobilinogen&period;<&sol;p><div class&equals;"7d52d962a67f455245a34c2a2d47cf6c" data-index&equals;"10" style&equals;"float&colon; none&semi; margin&colon;10px 0 10px 0&semi; text-align&colon;center&semi;">&NewLine;<script type&equals;"text&sol;javascript" class&equals;"teads" src&equals;"&sol;&sol;a&period;teads&period;tv&sol;page&sol;176833&sol;tag" async&equals;"true"><&sol;script> &NewLine;&NewLine;<&sol;div>&NewLine;&NewLine;<p>Zilnic se formeaza aproximativ 250-350 mg bilirubina&semi; 70-80&percnt; rezulta din distrugerea hematiilor senescente&period; Restul de 20-30&percnt; provine din alte proteine cu grupari hem&comma; localizate in maduva osoasa si ficat&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Valoarea normala a bilirubinei totale &lpar;BI&plus;BD&rpar; &equals; maxim 1mg&percnt;&period; La valoarea de 2mg&percnt; apare subicterul conjunctival&comma; iar la peste 3mg&percnt; apare icterul tegumentar&period; Cand bilirubina totala depaseste 20mg&percnt; exista o obstructie biliara totala&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Care sunt cauzele si simptomele icterului&quest;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Icterul apare ca rezultat al prezentei unei afectiuni&comma; ce determina producerea unei cantitati prea mari de bilirubina sau care impiedica excretia acesteia la nivelul ficatului&comma; ce duce la acumularea in tesuturi&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Printre aceste afectiuni se numara&colon;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Inflamatia acuta a ficatului<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Inflamatia ductelor biliare<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Obstructia ductelor biliare<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Anemia hemolitica – productia de bilirubina creste atunci cand o cantitate mare de globule rosii sunt distruse<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Sindromul Gilbert – afectiune dobandita&comma; ce tulbura abilitatea enzimelor de a procesa excretia bilei<br &sol;>&NewLine;Colestaza – afectiune in care fluxul bilei de la nivelul ficatului este intrerupt si duce la acumularea excesiva a acesteia<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Simptomele icterului includ&colon;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Ingalbenirea pielii si a conjuctivei ochilor<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Mancarimi ale pielii<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Oboseala<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Durere abdominala<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Scadere in greutate<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Voma<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Febra<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Scaune decolorate<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Urina mai inchisa la culoare<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Trebuie s&abreve; mergi urgent la doctor dac&abreve;&colon;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Un nou-n&abreve;scut prezint&abreve; simptome precum&colon;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>• Nervozitate extrem&abreve;&semi;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>• Probleme grave de alimenta&tcedil;ie sau imposibilitatea de a hr&abreve;ni nou n&abreve;scutul la sân sau cu biberonul&semi;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>• Lips&abreve; de reac&tcedil;ie&semi;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>• Lipsa scaunelor sau a urinii&semi;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>• Corp neobi&scedil;nit de slab&comma; rigid sau moale&semi;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>• Mi&scedil;c&abreve;ri oculare ciudate&semi;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>• Icter sever sau trezire dificil&abreve;&semi;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Un copil sau adult prezint&abreve; simptome asociate icterului ca de exemplu&colon;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>• Ascit&abreve; &lpar;aculmularea de lichid în abdomen &scedil;i m&abreve;rirea de volum a acestuia&rpar;&semi;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>• Sânger&abreve;ri precum hematemez&abreve; &lpar;v&abreve;rs&abreve;turi cu sânge&rpar; sau hemoragii masive rectale&semi;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>• Modific&abreve;ri ale st&abreve;rii de alert&abreve; sau con&scedil;tien&tcedil;&abreve;&comma; ca de exemplu le&scedil;inul&semi;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>• Modific&abreve;ri ale st&abreve;rii mentale sau schimb&abreve;ri bru&scedil;te de comportament cum ar fi confuzie&comma; letargie sau lips&abreve; de reac&tcedil;ie&semi;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>• Dificult&abreve;&tcedil;i respiratorii sau scurtarea respira&tcedil;iei&semi;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>• Tremor muscular sau tremur&abreve;turi&semi;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>• Edeme &lpar;umflare&rpar; brusc instalate la nivelul membrelor inferioare&semi;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>• Sl&abreve;biciune sever&abreve;&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Tratamentul icterului<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Primul pas in tratarea icterului este identificarea cauzei&period; Tratamentul este bazat in special pe tratarea afectiunii de baza ce a dus la aparitia icterului&comma; astfel&colon;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Icterul indus de anemie poate fi tratat prin cresterea cantitatii de fier din sange&comma; cu ajutorul dietei sau al suplimentelor alimentare cu fier&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Icterul indus de hepatita poate fi tratat cu medicamente antivirale sau steroidiene&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Icterul indus de obstructia ductelor biliare este tratat prin interventia chirurgicala de indepartare a obstructiei&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Icterul indus de medicamente este tratat prin oprirea tratamentului cu acele medicamente care au dus la aparitia icterului si selectarea unor medicamente alternative&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Icterul este in stransa legatura cu functiile ficatului&period; Din acest motiv&comma; pentru prevenirea icterului este important sa mentineti sanatatea ficatului cu ajutorul unei diete sanatoase si echilibrate&comma; fara grasimi si prajeli&comma; sa faceti exercitii fizice in mod regulat si sa nu consumati alcool in exces&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<div class&equals;"7d52d962a67f455245a34c2a2d47cf6c" data-index&equals;"3" style&equals;"float&colon; none&semi; margin&colon;10px 0 10px 0&semi; text-align&colon;center&semi;">&NewLine;<&excl;-- ghidulmedicului responsiv --> &NewLine;<ins class&equals;"adsbygoogle" &NewLine; style&equals;"display&colon;block" &NewLine; data-ad-client&equals;"ca-pub-9353012245817679" &NewLine; data-ad-slot&equals;"6634646486" &NewLine; data-ad-format&equals;"auto" &NewLine; data-full-width-responsive&equals;"true"><&sol;ins> &NewLine;<script> &NewLine; &lpar;adsbygoogle &equals; window&period;adsbygoogle &vert;&vert; &lbrack;&rsqb;&rpar;&period;push&lpar;&lbrace;&rcub;&rpar;&semi; &NewLine;<&sol;script> &NewLine; &NewLine; &NewLine;<ins class&equals;"adsbygoogle" &NewLine; style&equals;"display&colon;block" &NewLine; data-ad-format&equals;"autorelaxed" &NewLine; data-ad-client&equals;"ca-pub-9353012245817679" &NewLine; data-ad-slot&equals;"3605158462"><&sol;ins> &NewLine;<script>&lpar;adsbygoogle &equals; window&period;adsbygoogle &vert;&vert; &lbrack;&rsqb;&rpar;&period;push&lpar;&lbrace;&rcub;&rpar;&semi;<&sol;script> &NewLine;<div data-type&equals;"&lowbar;mgwidget" data-widget-id&equals;"1824277"> &NewLine;<&sol;div> &NewLine;<script>&lpar;function&lpar;w&comma;q&rpar;&lbrace;w&lbrack;q&rsqb;&equals;w&lbrack;q&rsqb;&vert;&vert;&lbrack;&rsqb;&semi;w&lbrack;q&rsqb;&period;push&lpar;&lbrack;"&lowbar;mgc&period;load"&rsqb;&rpar;&rcub;&rpar;&lpar;window&comma;"&lowbar;mgq"&rpar;&semi; &NewLine;<&sol;script> &NewLine;&NewLine;<&sol;div>&NewLine;&NewLine;<div style&equals;"font-size&colon; 0px&semi; height&colon; 0px&semi; line-height&colon; 0px&semi; margin&colon; 0&semi; padding&colon; 0&semi; clear&colon; both&semi;"><&sol;div><&sol;p>&NewLine;

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